MacOS 或 Linux 软件包管理器 Homebrew
原文：https://ichochy.com/posts/software/20200902.htmlHomebrew 可以方便、快捷的安装第三方软件包，不再需要手动编译安装，通过brew install命令就可以完成软件的安装，包括相关的依赖包。甚至使用brew cask安装macOS应用程序、字体和插件以及其他非开源软件。
安装 Homebrew
终端运行脚体就可以一步安装，非常简单。
/bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install.sh)"
同时支持MacOS、Linux或Windows的子系统WSL，并不需要管理员（sudo）权限。
使用 Homebrew
常用命令 brew
搜索可用的软件包
brew search [TEXT|/REGEX/]
查看软件包的信息
brew info [FORMULA...]
安装软件包
brew install FORMULA...
Homebrew会将软件包安装到独立目录/usr/local/Cellar，并将其文件软链接至/usr/local
更新brew索引信息
brew update
更新软件包
brew upgrade [FORMULA...]
卸载软件包
brew uninstall FORMULA...
查询本机安装的软件包
brew list [FORMULA...]
常用命令 brew cask
查看程序信息
brew cask info
安装程序
brew cask install
查看程序列表
brew cask list
卸载程序
brew cask uninstall
更新程序
brew cask upgrade
常用命令 brew services
查看当前服务列表
[sudo] brew services [list]:
运行服务
[sudo] brew services run (formula|--all):
启动服务，并注册自启动加载
[sudo] brew services start (formula|--all):
停用服务，并取消自启动加载
[sudo] brew services stop (formula|--all):
重启服务
[sudo] brew services restart (formula|--all):
清理无用服务
[sudo] brew services cleanup:
替换国内源
因为国外网络访问的问题，brew update会出现一直等待中或中断的问题，可以考虑替换国内源，来加快访问速度。下面介绍替换国内源，如：清华大学镜像源、中国科学技术大学镜像源、阿里云镜像源
清华大学镜像源
https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/homebrew/
brew 替换
git -C "$(brew --repo)" remote set-url origin https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/brew.git
Homebrew 替换
# 以下针对 mac OS 系统上的 Homebrew
git -C "$(brew --repo homebrew/core)" remote set-url origin https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/homebrew-core.git
git -C "$(brew --repo homebrew/cask)" remote set-url origin https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/homebrew-cask.git
git -C "$(brew --repo homebrew/cask-fonts)" remote set-url origin https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/homebrew-cask-fonts.git
git -C "$(brew --repo homebrew/cask-drivers)" remote set-url origin https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/homebrew-cask-drivers.git
# 以下针对 Linux 系统上的 Linuxbrew
git -C "$(brew --repo homebrew/core)" remote set-url origin https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/linuxbrew-core.git
Homebrew-bottles 替换
临时替换
export HOMEBREW_BOTTLE_DOMAIN=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/homebrew-bottles
长期替换
如果你使用 bash:
echo 'export HOMEBREW_BOTTLE_DOMAIN=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/homebrew-bottles' >> ~/.bash_profile
source ~/.bash_profile
如果你使用 zsh:
echo 'export HOMEBREW_BOTTLE_DOMAIN=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/homebrew-bottles' >> ~/.zshrc
source ~/.zshrc
Linuxbrew-bottles 替换
临时替换
export HOMEBREW_BOTTLE_DOMAIN=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/linuxbrew-bottles
长期替换
echo 'export HOMEBREW_BOTTLE_DOMAIN=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/linuxbrew-bottles' >> ~/.bash_profile
source ~/.bash_profile
中国科学技术大学镜像源
https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/help/brew.git.html
Bash 终端配置
# 替换brew.git:
cd "$(brew --repo)"
git remote set-url origin https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/brew.git
# 替换homebrew-core.git:
cd "$(brew --repo)/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-core"
git remote set-url origin https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/homebrew-core.git
# 替换homebrew-cask.git:
cd "$(brew --repo)"/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-cask
git remote set-url origin https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/homebrew-cask.git
# 应用生效
brew update
# 替换homebrew-bottles:
echo 'export HOMEBREW_BOTTLE_DOMAIN=https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/homebrew-bottles' >> ~/.bash_profile
source ~/.bash_profile
Zsh 终端配置
# 替换brew.git:
cd "$(brew --repo)"
git remote set-url origin https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/brew.git
# 替换homebrew-core.git:
cd "$(brew --repo)/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-core"
git remote set-url origin https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/homebrew-core.git
# 替换homebrew-cask.git:
cd "$(brew --repo)"/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-cask
git remote set-url origin https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/homebrew-cask.git
# 应用生效
brew update
# 替换homebrew-bottles:
echo 'export HOMEBREW_BOTTLE_DOMAIN=https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/homebrew-bottles' >> ~/.zshrc
source ~/.zshrc
阿里云镜像源
https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/homebrew
Bash 终端配置
# 替换brew.git:
cd "$(brew --repo)"
git remote set-url origin https://mirrors.aliyun.com/homebrew/brew.git
# 替换homebrew-core.git:
cd "$(brew --repo)/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-core"
git remote set-url origin https://mirrors.aliyun.com/homebrew/homebrew-core.git
# 应用生效
brew update
# 替换homebrew-bottles:
echo 'export HOMEBREW_BOTTLE_DOMAIN=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/homebrew/homebrew-bottles' >> ~/.bash_profile
source ~/.bash_profile
Zsh 终端配置
# 替换brew.git:
cd "$(brew --repo)"
git remote set-url origin https://mirrors.aliyun.com/homebrew/brew.git
# 替换homebrew-core.git:
cd "$(brew --repo)/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-core"
git remote set-url origin https://mirrors.aliyun.com/homebrew/homebrew-core.git
# 应用生效
brew update
# 替换homebrew-bottles:
echo 'export HOMEBREW_BOTTLE_DOMAIN=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/homebrew/homebrew-bottles' >> ~/.zshrc
source ~/.zshrc
恢复镜像源
brew 恢复
git -C "$(brew --repo)" remote set-url origin https://github.com/Homebrew/brew.git
Homebrew 恢复
# 以下针对 mac OS 系统上的 Homebrew
git -C "$(brew --repo homebrew/core)" remote set-url origin https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-core.git
git -C "$(brew --repo homebrew/cask)" remote set-url origin https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-cask.git
git -C "$(brew --repo homebrew/cask-fonts)" remote set-url origin https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-cask-fonts.git
git -C "$(brew --repo homebrew/cask-drivers)" remote set-url origin https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-cask-drivers.git
# 以下针对 Linux 系统上的 Linuxbrew
git -C "$(brew --repo homebrew/core)" remote set-url origin https://github.com/Homebrew/linuxbrew-core.git
Homebrew-bottles 恢复
删除~/.bash_profile或~/.zshrc中的HOMEBREW_BOTTLE_DOMAIN环境变量，并执行source，重新加载环境变量。
source ~/.bash_profile
source ~/.zshrc